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零基础学习Puppet自动化配置管理系列文档
虚拟资源是一种用来管理多种配置共同依赖同一资源的方法。如果多个类依赖同一个资源时则可避免写多个资源，也可以解决资源重定义的错误。 虚拟资源经常用于用户管理中，虚拟资源只会被声明一次，但可以运用一次或多次。
要使用虚拟资源是需要在资源声明开头加上字符“@”来使资源虚拟化。然后再使用下面两种方法之一来实例化虚拟资源：
"飞船"语法<||>
realize函数
注意定义虚拟资源必须在全局作用域或者节点作用域中定义，简单的理解，以下目录中site.pp就是全局作用域，包含nodes目录（site.pp中import了nodes目录），在节点node下定义的虚拟资源属于节点作用域，其他模块中的都属于局部作用域。
[root@linuxmaster1poc testing]# tree manifests/manifests/├── nodes│ ├── puppetclient.pp│ ├── virtual_group.pp│ └── virtual_user.pp└── site.pp1 directory, 4 files
[root@linuxmaster1poc testing]# vim manifests/nodes/virtual_user.pp class alluser{ include alluser::puppet,alluser::root}class alluser::puppet{ @user { 'puppet': ensure => present, uid => '52', gid => '52', home => '/var/lib/puppet', shell => '/sbin/nologin', }}class alluser::root{ @user { 'root': ensure => present, uid => '0', gid => '0', home => '/root', shell => '/bin/bash', }}class alluser::xiaonuo{ @user { 'xiaonuo': ensure => present, uid => '600', gid => '600', home => '/home/xiaonuo', shell => '/sbin/nologin', }} [root@linuxmaster1poc testing]# vim manifests/nodes/virtual_group.pp class allgroup{ include allgroup::puppet,allgroup::root}class allgroup::puppet{ @group { 'puppet': ensure => present, name => 'puppet', gid => '52', allowdupe => false, members => 'puppet', }}class allgroup::root{ @group { 'root': ensure => present, name => 'root', gid => '0', allowdupe => false, members => 'root', }}class allgroup::xiaonuo{ @group { 'xiaonuo': ensure => present, name => 'xiaonuo', gid => '600', allowdupe => false, members => 'xiaonuo', }} [root@linuxmaster1poc testing]# tree environment/modules/puppetenvironment/modules/puppet├── files├── manifests│ ├── config.pp│ ├── init.pp│ ├── install.pp│ ├── params.pp│ └── service.pp├── README└── templates ├── auth.conf.erb ├── namespaceauth.conf.erb └── puppet.conf.erb3 directories, 9 files
[root@linuxmaster1poc testing]# tree agents/modules/puppet_linux57poc/agents/modules/puppet_linux57poc/├── files├── manifests│ └── init.pp└── templates ├── facts.txt.erb └── motd.erb3 directories, 3 files
2.3.1 在puppet模块中实例化
[root@linuxmaster1poc testing]# vim environment/modules/puppet/manifests/config.pp class puppet::config{ include puppet::params include puppet::puppet_config,puppet::namespaceauth_config,puppet::auth_config,puppet::user,puppet::group include alluser,allgroup #必须将节点作用域中的类包含进来}class puppet::puppet_config{ file { '/etc/puppet/puppet.conf': ensure => present, content => template('puppet/puppet.conf.erb'), owner => 'puppet', group => 'puppet', mode => '0644', backup => main, require => Class['puppet::install','puppet::user','puppet::group'], notify => Class['puppet::service'], }}class puppet::auth_config{ file { '/etc/puppet/auth.conf': ensure => present, content => template('puppet/auth.conf.erb'), owner => 'puppet', group => 'puppet', mode => '0644', backup => main, require => Class['puppet::install','puppet::user','puppet::group'], notify => Class['puppet::service'], }}class puppet::namespaceauth_config{ file { '/etc/puppet/namespaceauth.conf': ensure => present, content => template('puppet/namespaceauth.conf.erb'), owner => 'puppet', group => 'puppet', mode => '0644', backup => main, require => Class['puppet::install','puppet::user','puppet::group'], notify => Class['puppet::service'], }}class puppet::user{ #使用飞船语法实化用户puppet资源# realize User['puppet'] User <| title == 'puppet' |>}class puppet::group{ #使用realize函数实化组puppet资源 realize Group['puppet']# Group <| title == 'puppet' |>} 2.3.2 在puppet_linux57poc模块中实例化
[root@linuxmaster1poc testing]# cat agents/modules/puppet_linux57poc/manifests/init.pp class puppet_linux57poc{ include puppet_linux57poc::motd_install,puppet_linux57poc::motd_config,puppet_linux57poc::facts,puppet_linux57poc::user,puppet_linux57poc::group include alluser,allgroup #必须将节点作用域中的类包含进来}class puppet_linux57poc::motd_install{ package{ setup: ensure => present, }}class puppet_linux57poc::motd_config{ file{ "/etc/motd": owner => "xiaonuo", group => "root", mode => 0440, content => template("puppet_linux57poc/motd.erb"), backup => 'main', require => Class['puppet_linux57poc::motd_install','puppet_linux57poc::user','puppet_linux57poc::group'] }}class puppet_linux57poc::facts{ file{ "/etc/mcollective/facts.txt": owner => "root", group => "root", mode => 0400, content => template("puppet_linux57poc/facts.txt.erb"), backup => 'main', require => Class['puppet_linux57poc::motd_install','puppet_linux57poc::user','puppet_linux57poc::group'] }}class puppet_linux57poc::user{ #使用realize函数实化用户xiaonuo和root资源 realize( User['xiaonuo'], User['root'] )}class puppet_linux57poc::group{ #使用realize函数实化组xiaonuo和root资源 realize( Group['xiaonuo'], Group['root'] )} 3.2.1 查看当前系统是否有xiaonuo用户和组
[root@linux57poc puppet]# id xiaonuoid: xiaonuo: No such user[root@linux57poc puppet]# cat /etc/group | grep xiaonuo[root@linux57poc puppet]# [root@linux57poc puppet]# ll /etc/motd -rwxrwxrwx 1 puppet puppet 313 Jan 2 06:17 /etc/motd
3.2.2 同步puppetmaster
[root@linux57poc puppet]# puppet agent -t --environment=testinginfo: Retrieving plugininfo: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/fact_apply.rbinfo: Caching catalog for puppet_linux57poc.dev.shanghaigm.cominfo: Applying configuration version '1389555288'notice: /Stage[main]/Allservice::Lm_sensors_service/Service[lm_sensors]/ensure: ensure changed 'running' to 'stopped'notice: /Group[xiaonuo]/ensure: creatednotice: /Stage[main]/Alluser::Xiaonuo/User[xiaonuo]/ensure: created...info: FileBucket adding {md5}b2090646c444c5ddf1533749743ebd71info: /Stage[main]/Mcollective::Facter/File[/etc/mcollective/facts.yaml]: Filebucketed /etc/mcollective/facts.yaml to main with sum b2090646c444c5ddf1533749743ebd71notice: /Stage[main]/Sysctl::Exec/Exec[sysctl -p >/dev/null &]/returns: executed successfullynotice: /Stage[main]/Puppet_linux57poc::Motd_config/File[/etc/motd]/owner: owner changed 'puppet' to 'xiaonuo'notice: /Stage[main]/Puppet_linux57poc::Motd_config/File[/etc/motd]/group: group changed 'puppet' to 'root'notice: /Stage[main]/Puppet_linux57poc::Motd_config/File[/etc/motd]/mode: mode changed '0777' to '0440'notice: /Stage[main]/Allservice::Bluetooth_service/Service[bluetooth]/ensure: ensure changed 'running' to 'stopped'notice: Finished catalog run in 4.54 seconds 3.2.3 验证结果是否正确
[root@linux57poc puppet]# id xiaonuouid=600(xiaonuo) gid=600(xiaonuo) groups=600(xiaonuo)[root@linux57poc puppet]# cat /etc/group | grep xiaonuoxiaonuo:x:600:[root@linux57poc puppet]# ll /etc/motd -r--r----- 1 xiaonuo root 313 Jan 2 06:17 /etc/motd[root@linux57poc puppet]#